Overview of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide and in India, where it often presents at younger ages compared to Western countries. It arises from breast tissue, primarily ductal or lobular cells. Risk factors include family history (BRCA gene mutations), hormonal influences (early menarche, late menopause), obesity, and lack of physical activity.
Early Detection, Symptoms, and Surgical Management
Key symptoms involve painless lumps, nipple discharge, skin changes (dimpling or redness), or axillary swelling. Mammography screening, combined with ultrasound and MRI for dense breasts, enables early detection. Self-breast examination and clinical breast exams remain vital.
Surgical oncology plays a pivotal role. Options include breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy) followed by radiation, or mastectomy for larger/multicentric tumors. Dr. Kapil Kadian excels in oncoplastic breast surgery, which combines cancer removal with plastic reconstruction techniques to achieve optimal cosmetic outcomes and psychological well-being. Sentinel lymph node biopsy minimizes arm swelling (lymphedema) risks compared to full axillary dissection.
For advanced cases, neoadjuvant chemotherapy shrinks tumors to facilitate conservation. Targeted therapies (e.g., HER2 inhibitors) and hormone therapy complement surgery based on receptor status.
Reconstruction using implants or autologous tissue (flaps) can be immediate or delayed. Multidisciplinary tumor boards ensure personalized plans. Post-treatment, survivorship programs address rehabilitation and surveillance.
Awareness campaigns promote screening from age 40, genetic counseling for high-risk families, and healthy lifestyles. Advances in surgical precision have improved survival to over 90% for localized disease, empowering women with both cure and confidence.